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Addgene inc atg5 myc
Atg5 Myc, supplied by Addgene inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 16 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/pcmv+myc+atg5/pCMV-myc-Atg5+(Plasmid+%2324922)/pmc09226670-48-0-8
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Expressing:

Article Title: Degradation of AF1Q by chaperone-mediated autophagy.
Article Snippet: AF1Q, a mixed lineage leukemia gene fusion partner, is identified as a poor prognostic biomarker for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), adult AML with normal cytogenetic and adult myelodysplastic syndrome.. AF1Q is highly regulated during hematopoietic progenitor differentiation and development but its regulatory mechanism has not been defined clearly.. In the present study, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches to influence chaperonemediated autophagy (CMA) and explored the degradation mechanism of AF1Q.

Article Title: Mitophagy Enhances Oncolytic Measles Virus Replication by Mitigating DDX58/RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling
Article Snippet: Cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 0.1 mM nonessential amino acids, 5% fetal bovine serum, and penicillin-streptomycin (all from Invitrogen). .. Expression plasmids were as follows: pBABEpuro- EGFP-LC3 (Addgene; 22405) was provided by Jayanta Debnath (University of California, San Francisco, CA), pCMV- myc-Atg5 and pCMV- myc-ATG7 (Addgene; 24922 and 24921) were provided by Toren Finkel (NHLBI, Bethesda, MD), pCI-neo was purchased from Promega (E1841), pCI-neo- hApg5-HA and pCI-neo- hApg5 (K130R)-HA (Addgene; 22948 and 22949) were provided by Noboru Mizushima (Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan). pCMV-myc was purchased from Beyotime (D2672). .. BEZ-235 was purchased from Selleck (S1009).

Plasmid Preparation:

Article Title: Degradation of AF1Q by chaperone-mediated autophagy.
Article Snippet: AF1Q, a mixed lineage leukemia gene fusion partner, is identified as a poor prognostic biomarker for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), adult AML with normal cytogenetic and adult myelodysplastic syndrome.. AF1Q is highly regulated during hematopoietic progenitor differentiation and development but its regulatory mechanism has not been defined clearly.. In the present study, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches to influence chaperonemediated autophagy (CMA) and explored the degradation mechanism of AF1Q.

Article Title: Elaiophylin, a novel autophagy inhibitor, exerts antitumor activity as a single agent in ovarian cancer cells
Article Snippet: LysoTracker Red (L-7528), DQ Red BSA assay ( {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"D12051","term_id":"2148853","term_text":"D12051"}} D12051 ), Earle balanced salt solution (EBSS; 14155063) and Texas Red dextran (D1863) were purchased from Invitrogen. .. LAMP1-RFP (plasmid 1817), pcDNA3-BECN1 (plasmid 21150) and pCMV-myc-ATG5 (plasmid 24922) were purchased from Addgene. .. Primary antibodies against MAP1LC3B (#3868), ATG5 (#12994), BECN1/beclin1 (#3495), PARP1 (#9542), and cleaved CASP9 (#7237) were from Cell Signaling Technology.

shRNA:

Article Title: Degradation of AF1Q by chaperone-mediated autophagy.
Article Snippet: AF1Q, a mixed lineage leukemia gene fusion partner, is identified as a poor prognostic biomarker for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), adult AML with normal cytogenetic and adult myelodysplastic syndrome.. AF1Q is highly regulated during hematopoietic progenitor differentiation and development but its regulatory mechanism has not been defined clearly.. In the present study, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches to influence chaperonemediated autophagy (CMA) and explored the degradation mechanism of AF1Q.

other:

Article Title: Suppression of autophagy by mycophenolic acid contributes to inhibition of HCV replication in human hepatoma cells
Article Snippet: Plasmids pCMV-myc-Atg3, pCMV-myc-Atg5, pCMV-myc-Atg7 were obtained from Addgene ( www.addgene.org , MA, USA).



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Figure 3. BMMs from Lacc1–/– mice show reduced bacterial uptake and intracellular bacterial clearance, and reduced PRR- induced ROS, RNS, and autophagy pathways. BMMs were harvested from Lacc1þ/þ, Lacc1þ/–, or Lacc1–/– mice. (A, B) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. (A) Western blot LACC1. (B) S Typhimurium–GFP uptake (4 replicates; representative of 3 independent experiments). (C) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 15 minutes. Fold p-PDK1 induction (3 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). (D) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. Cells were additionally treated with a PDK1 inhibitor (GSK2334470) or a PDK1 activator (PS48), and uptake of S Typhimurium– GFP was assessed (3 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). (E–G, I–K, M–O, Q–R) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. (E) Intracellular clearance of S Typhimurium or C rodentium (colony-forming units) (6 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments). (F) ROS (4 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments) and mtROS (4 replicates, representative of 3 independent experiments). (G, K, O) Expression of the indicated proteins by flow cytometry (3 replicates). (I, M, Q) Cells were transfected with an empty vector (EV) or (I) p47phox-expressing, (M) Nos2-expressing, or (Q) <t>Atg5-expressing</t> vectors. Intracellular S Typhimurium clearance (6 replicates, representative of 3 independent experiments). (J) Nitrite (5 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments). (N) LC3II by Western blot. (H, L, P) Lacc1þ/þ BMMs (8 replicates) were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours in the absence (control vehicle) or presence of inhibitors for (H) ROS (N-acetylcysteine [NAC]), (L) RNS (L-NAME), or (P) autophagy (3-MA) and then intracellular S Typhimurium clearance was assessed. (R) Cells were transfected with p47phox-, Nos2-, and Atg5-expressing vectors in combination (comb). Intracellular S Typhimurium clearance (6 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). Significance is to Lacc1+/+ BMMs in each respective treatment group or as indicated for (B-C, E-G, J-K, O). Mean þ standard error of the mean. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001; †P < 1 10–4; ††P < 1 10–5.
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Figure 3. BMMs from Lacc1–/– mice show reduced bacterial uptake and intracellular bacterial clearance, and reduced PRR- induced ROS, RNS, and autophagy pathways. BMMs were harvested from Lacc1þ/þ, Lacc1þ/–, or Lacc1–/– mice. (A, B) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. (A) Western blot LACC1. (B) S Typhimurium–GFP uptake (4 replicates; representative of 3 independent experiments). (C) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 15 minutes. Fold p-PDK1 induction (3 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). (D) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. Cells were additionally treated with a PDK1 inhibitor (GSK2334470) or a PDK1 activator (PS48), and uptake of S Typhimurium– GFP was assessed (3 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). (E–G, I–K, M–O, Q–R) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. (E) Intracellular clearance of S Typhimurium or C rodentium (colony-forming units) (6 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments). (F) ROS (4 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments) and mtROS (4 replicates, representative of 3 independent experiments). (G, K, O) Expression of the indicated proteins by flow cytometry (3 replicates). (I, M, Q) Cells were transfected with an empty vector (EV) or (I) p47phox-expressing, (M) Nos2-expressing, or (Q) <t>Atg5-expressing</t> vectors. Intracellular S Typhimurium clearance (6 replicates, representative of 3 independent experiments). (J) Nitrite (5 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments). (N) LC3II by Western blot. (H, L, P) Lacc1þ/þ BMMs (8 replicates) were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours in the absence (control vehicle) or presence of inhibitors for (H) ROS (N-acetylcysteine [NAC]), (L) RNS (L-NAME), or (P) autophagy (3-MA) and then intracellular S Typhimurium clearance was assessed. (R) Cells were transfected with p47phox-, Nos2-, and Atg5-expressing vectors in combination (comb). Intracellular S Typhimurium clearance (6 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). Significance is to Lacc1+/+ BMMs in each respective treatment group or as indicated for (B-C, E-G, J-K, O). Mean þ standard error of the mean. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001; †P < 1 10–4; ††P < 1 10–5.
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TNFSF15 promotes autophagy pathways in MDMs. ( A and B ) MDMs were treated with 10 ng/mL TNFSF15 for 48 hours. ( A ) LC3II expression (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 4). ( B ) Autophagy molecule expression (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 8 for ATG16L1 and n = 4 for <t>ATG5).</t> ( C–F ) MDMs were transfected with scrambled or the indicated siRNAs. ( C ) Expression of the indicated proteins by flow cytometry (n = 6). ( D and E ) Cells then were treated with 10 ng/mL TNFSF15 for 48 hours. ( D ) LC3II expression (n = 6). ( E ) Intracellular bacterial clearance (n = 10 from 2 independent experiments). ( F ) Cell death was assessed by annexin V staining (n = 4). UV stimulation at 50–100 J/m 2 was used as a positive control. Means + SEM. ( A–C ) Representative flow cytometry with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values shown. Significance is between scrambled and the target siRNA for TNFSF15-treated cells for panels D and E . ∗∗∗ P < .001; † P <1 × 10 -4 ; †† P < 1 × 10 -5 . NT, no treatment; scr, scrambled; Tx, treatment.
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Figure 3. BMMs from Lacc1–/– mice show reduced bacterial uptake and intracellular bacterial clearance, and reduced PRR- induced ROS, RNS, and autophagy pathways. BMMs were harvested from Lacc1þ/þ, Lacc1þ/–, or Lacc1–/– mice. (A, B) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. (A) Western blot LACC1. (B) S Typhimurium–GFP uptake (4 replicates; representative of 3 independent experiments). (C) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 15 minutes. Fold p-PDK1 induction (3 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). (D) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. Cells were additionally treated with a PDK1 inhibitor (GSK2334470) or a PDK1 activator (PS48), and uptake of S Typhimurium– GFP was assessed (3 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). (E–G, I–K, M–O, Q–R) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. (E) Intracellular clearance of S Typhimurium or C rodentium (colony-forming units) (6 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments). (F) ROS (4 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments) and mtROS (4 replicates, representative of 3 independent experiments). (G, K, O) Expression of the indicated proteins by flow cytometry (3 replicates). (I, M, Q) Cells were transfected with an empty vector (EV) or (I) p47phox-expressing, (M) Nos2-expressing, or (Q) Atg5-expressing vectors. Intracellular S Typhimurium clearance (6 replicates, representative of 3 independent experiments). (J) Nitrite (5 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments). (N) LC3II by Western blot. (H, L, P) Lacc1þ/þ BMMs (8 replicates) were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours in the absence (control vehicle) or presence of inhibitors for (H) ROS (N-acetylcysteine [NAC]), (L) RNS (L-NAME), or (P) autophagy (3-MA) and then intracellular S Typhimurium clearance was assessed. (R) Cells were transfected with p47phox-, Nos2-, and Atg5-expressing vectors in combination (comb). Intracellular S Typhimurium clearance (6 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). Significance is to Lacc1+/+ BMMs in each respective treatment group or as indicated for (B-C, E-G, J-K, O). Mean þ standard error of the mean. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001; †P < 1 10–4; ††P < 1 10–5.

Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Myeloid Cell Expression of LACC1 Is Required for Bacterial Clearance and Control of Intestinal Inflammation.

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. BMMs from Lacc1–/– mice show reduced bacterial uptake and intracellular bacterial clearance, and reduced PRR- induced ROS, RNS, and autophagy pathways. BMMs were harvested from Lacc1þ/þ, Lacc1þ/–, or Lacc1–/– mice. (A, B) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. (A) Western blot LACC1. (B) S Typhimurium–GFP uptake (4 replicates; representative of 3 independent experiments). (C) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 15 minutes. Fold p-PDK1 induction (3 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). (D) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. Cells were additionally treated with a PDK1 inhibitor (GSK2334470) or a PDK1 activator (PS48), and uptake of S Typhimurium– GFP was assessed (3 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). (E–G, I–K, M–O, Q–R) Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours. (E) Intracellular clearance of S Typhimurium or C rodentium (colony-forming units) (6 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments). (F) ROS (4 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments) and mtROS (4 replicates, representative of 3 independent experiments). (G, K, O) Expression of the indicated proteins by flow cytometry (3 replicates). (I, M, Q) Cells were transfected with an empty vector (EV) or (I) p47phox-expressing, (M) Nos2-expressing, or (Q) Atg5-expressing vectors. Intracellular S Typhimurium clearance (6 replicates, representative of 3 independent experiments). (J) Nitrite (5 replicates, representative of 4 independent experiments). (N) LC3II by Western blot. (H, L, P) Lacc1þ/þ BMMs (8 replicates) were treated with 0.1 mg/mL lipid A for 48 hours in the absence (control vehicle) or presence of inhibitors for (H) ROS (N-acetylcysteine [NAC]), (L) RNS (L-NAME), or (P) autophagy (3-MA) and then intracellular S Typhimurium clearance was assessed. (R) Cells were transfected with p47phox-, Nos2-, and Atg5-expressing vectors in combination (comb). Intracellular S Typhimurium clearance (6 replicates, representative of 2 independent experiments). Significance is to Lacc1+/+ BMMs in each respective treatment group or as indicated for (B-C, E-G, J-K, O). Mean þ standard error of the mean. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001; †P < 1 10–4; ††P < 1 10–5.

Article Snippet: Vectors expressing 4 mg Atg5 (Addgene [Watertown, MA] plasmid 24922; kindly deposited by Toren Finkel),13 2 mg Ncf1 (p47phox; BC055836; Transomic Technologies [Huntsville, AL); subcloned into pcDNA.3), 2 mg Nos2 (BC062378; Transomic Technologies; subcloned into pcDNA.3), 6 mg pMCL-MKK1 (R4F) (constitutively active ERK kinase)14 (generous gift from Dr Ben Turk), 4 mg pcDNA3-FLAG MKK6(glu) (constitutively active p38 kinase) (Addgene plasmid 13518; kindly deposited by Roger Davis15), 4 mg IKK-2 S177E S181E (constitutively active nuclear factor kB [NF-kB]) (Addgene plasmid 11105; kindly deposited by Anjana Rao16), or empty vector were transfected for 48 hours into BMMs using Amaxa nucleofector technology (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Cytometry, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Control

TNFSF15 promotes autophagy pathways in MDMs. ( A and B ) MDMs were treated with 10 ng/mL TNFSF15 for 48 hours. ( A ) LC3II expression (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 4). ( B ) Autophagy molecule expression (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 8 for ATG16L1 and n = 4 for ATG5). ( C–F ) MDMs were transfected with scrambled or the indicated siRNAs. ( C ) Expression of the indicated proteins by flow cytometry (n = 6). ( D and E ) Cells then were treated with 10 ng/mL TNFSF15 for 48 hours. ( D ) LC3II expression (n = 6). ( E ) Intracellular bacterial clearance (n = 10 from 2 independent experiments). ( F ) Cell death was assessed by annexin V staining (n = 4). UV stimulation at 50–100 J/m 2 was used as a positive control. Means + SEM. ( A–C ) Representative flow cytometry with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values shown. Significance is between scrambled and the target siRNA for TNFSF15-treated cells for panels D and E . ∗∗∗ P < .001; † P <1 × 10 -4 ; †† P < 1 × 10 -5 . NT, no treatment; scr, scrambled; Tx, treatment.

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: TNFSF15 Promotes Antimicrobial Pathways in Human Macrophages and These Are Modulated by TNFSF15 Disease-Risk Variants

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: TNFSF15 promotes autophagy pathways in MDMs. ( A and B ) MDMs were treated with 10 ng/mL TNFSF15 for 48 hours. ( A ) LC3II expression (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 4). ( B ) Autophagy molecule expression (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 8 for ATG16L1 and n = 4 for ATG5). ( C–F ) MDMs were transfected with scrambled or the indicated siRNAs. ( C ) Expression of the indicated proteins by flow cytometry (n = 6). ( D and E ) Cells then were treated with 10 ng/mL TNFSF15 for 48 hours. ( D ) LC3II expression (n = 6). ( E ) Intracellular bacterial clearance (n = 10 from 2 independent experiments). ( F ) Cell death was assessed by annexin V staining (n = 4). UV stimulation at 50–100 J/m 2 was used as a positive control. Means + SEM. ( A–C ) Representative flow cytometry with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values shown. Significance is between scrambled and the target siRNA for TNFSF15-treated cells for panels D and E . ∗∗∗ P < .001; † P <1 × 10 -4 ; †† P < 1 × 10 -5 . NT, no treatment; scr, scrambled; Tx, treatment.

Article Snippet: MDMs were transfected with the following vectors: 2 μg vectors expressing ATG5 (Addgene plasmid 24922; kindly deposited by Toren Finkel ), NOS2 (a generous gift from Tony Eissa ), p47phox (generous gift from Celine DerMardirossian ), 4 μg pMCL-MKK1 (R4F) (constitutively active ERK kinase), 4 μg pSRα-3HA-JNKK2-JNK1-WT (constitutively active JNK) (generous gifts from Dr Ben Turk), 4 μg pCDNA3-Flag MKK6(glu) (constitutively active p38 kinase) (Addgene plasmid 13518; kindly deposited by Roger Davis), 2 μg IKK-2 S177E S181E (constitutively active NF-κB) (Addgene plasmid 11105; kindly deposited by Anjana Rao ), or empty vector (a control vector that does not express genes) using Amaxa nucleofector technology (Lonza, Walkersville, MD).

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Positive Control, Fluorescence

Autocrine/paracrine TNFSF15 promotes NOD2-induced antimicrobial pathways. ( A–E ) MDMs were treated with 100 μg/mL MDP for 48 hours ± neutralizing αDR3 antibodies (or isotype control). ( A ) ROS induction (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 4). ( B–E ) Expression of the indicated proteins (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 6). ( F–I ) MDMs were transfected with empty vector or vectors expressing p47phox, NOS2, ATG5, alone or in combination, and treated with 100 μg/mL MDP for 48 hours ± neutralizing αDR3 antibodies (1 hour pretreatment). ( F ) p47phox expression and ROS production. ( G ) NOS2 expression. ( H ) ATG5 and LC3II expression (n = 4, similar results in an additional n = 4). ( I ) Intracellular bacterial clearance (n = 8 from 2 independent experiments). Means + SEM. ( A–E ) Significance is between isotype control and neutralizing αDR3 antibodies for MDP-treated cells. ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; † P < 1 × 10 -4 ; †† P < 1 × 10 -5 . CFU, colony-forming unit; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; Tx, treatment.

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: TNFSF15 Promotes Antimicrobial Pathways in Human Macrophages and These Are Modulated by TNFSF15 Disease-Risk Variants

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Autocrine/paracrine TNFSF15 promotes NOD2-induced antimicrobial pathways. ( A–E ) MDMs were treated with 100 μg/mL MDP for 48 hours ± neutralizing αDR3 antibodies (or isotype control). ( A ) ROS induction (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 4). ( B–E ) Expression of the indicated proteins (n = 6; similar results in an additional n = 6). ( F–I ) MDMs were transfected with empty vector or vectors expressing p47phox, NOS2, ATG5, alone or in combination, and treated with 100 μg/mL MDP for 48 hours ± neutralizing αDR3 antibodies (1 hour pretreatment). ( F ) p47phox expression and ROS production. ( G ) NOS2 expression. ( H ) ATG5 and LC3II expression (n = 4, similar results in an additional n = 4). ( I ) Intracellular bacterial clearance (n = 8 from 2 independent experiments). Means + SEM. ( A–E ) Significance is between isotype control and neutralizing αDR3 antibodies for MDP-treated cells. ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; † P < 1 × 10 -4 ; †† P < 1 × 10 -5 . CFU, colony-forming unit; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; Tx, treatment.

Article Snippet: MDMs were transfected with the following vectors: 2 μg vectors expressing ATG5 (Addgene plasmid 24922; kindly deposited by Toren Finkel ), NOS2 (a generous gift from Tony Eissa ), p47phox (generous gift from Celine DerMardirossian ), 4 μg pMCL-MKK1 (R4F) (constitutively active ERK kinase), 4 μg pSRα-3HA-JNKK2-JNK1-WT (constitutively active JNK) (generous gifts from Dr Ben Turk), 4 μg pCDNA3-Flag MKK6(glu) (constitutively active p38 kinase) (Addgene plasmid 13518; kindly deposited by Roger Davis), 2 μg IKK-2 S177E S181E (constitutively active NF-κB) (Addgene plasmid 11105; kindly deposited by Anjana Rao ), or empty vector (a control vector that does not express genes) using Amaxa nucleofector technology (Lonza, Walkersville, MD).

Techniques: Control, Expressing, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Fluorescence

MDMs from high TNFSF15-expressing rs6478108 TT IBD risk carriers show increased NOD2-initiated antimicrobial pathways. MDMs from rs6478108 TT, TC, or CC carriers were left untreated or treated with 100 μg/mL MDP. ( A ) TNFSF15 surface expression by flow cytometry at 24 hours (n = 10 donors/genotype). ( B ) TNFSF15 secretion at 24 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( C ) Fold PDK1 activation at 20 minutes (n = 10/genotype). ( D ) Bacterial uptake at 20 minutes (n = 10/genotype). ( E ) p47phox expression and ROS production at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( F ) NOS2 expression at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( G ) ATG5 and LC3II expression at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( H ) After 48 hours intracellular bacterial clearance was assessed (colony-forming units [CFU]) (n = 10/genotype). Means + SEM. ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; † P < 1 × 10 -4 ; †† P < 1 × 10 -5 . MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; Tx, treatment.

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: TNFSF15 Promotes Antimicrobial Pathways in Human Macrophages and These Are Modulated by TNFSF15 Disease-Risk Variants

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: MDMs from high TNFSF15-expressing rs6478108 TT IBD risk carriers show increased NOD2-initiated antimicrobial pathways. MDMs from rs6478108 TT, TC, or CC carriers were left untreated or treated with 100 μg/mL MDP. ( A ) TNFSF15 surface expression by flow cytometry at 24 hours (n = 10 donors/genotype). ( B ) TNFSF15 secretion at 24 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( C ) Fold PDK1 activation at 20 minutes (n = 10/genotype). ( D ) Bacterial uptake at 20 minutes (n = 10/genotype). ( E ) p47phox expression and ROS production at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( F ) NOS2 expression at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( G ) ATG5 and LC3II expression at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( H ) After 48 hours intracellular bacterial clearance was assessed (colony-forming units [CFU]) (n = 10/genotype). Means + SEM. ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; † P < 1 × 10 -4 ; †† P < 1 × 10 -5 . MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; Tx, treatment.

Article Snippet: MDMs were transfected with the following vectors: 2 μg vectors expressing ATG5 (Addgene plasmid 24922; kindly deposited by Toren Finkel ), NOS2 (a generous gift from Tony Eissa ), p47phox (generous gift from Celine DerMardirossian ), 4 μg pMCL-MKK1 (R4F) (constitutively active ERK kinase), 4 μg pSRα-3HA-JNKK2-JNK1-WT (constitutively active JNK) (generous gifts from Dr Ben Turk), 4 μg pCDNA3-Flag MKK6(glu) (constitutively active p38 kinase) (Addgene plasmid 13518; kindly deposited by Roger Davis), 2 μg IKK-2 S177E S181E (constitutively active NF-κB) (Addgene plasmid 11105; kindly deposited by Anjana Rao ), or empty vector (a control vector that does not express genes) using Amaxa nucleofector technology (Lonza, Walkersville, MD).

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Activation Assay, Fluorescence

MDMs from high TNFSF15-expressing rs6478108 TT IBD risk carriers show increased DR3-initiated antimicrobial pathways. MDMs from rs6478108 TT, TC, or CC carriers were left untreated or treated with 10 ng/mL TNFSF15. ( A ) Fold PDK1 activation at 20 minutes (n = 10 donors/genotype). ( B ) Bacterial uptake at 20 minutes (n = 10/genotype). ( C ) p47 expression and ROS production at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( D ) NOS2 expression at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( E ) ATG5 and LC3II expression at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( F ) After 48 hours intracellular bacterial clearance was assessed (colony-forming units [CFU]) (n = 10/genotype). Means + SEM. ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; † P < 1 × 10 -4 ; †† P < 1 × 10 -5 . Tx, treatment.

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: TNFSF15 Promotes Antimicrobial Pathways in Human Macrophages and These Are Modulated by TNFSF15 Disease-Risk Variants

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: MDMs from high TNFSF15-expressing rs6478108 TT IBD risk carriers show increased DR3-initiated antimicrobial pathways. MDMs from rs6478108 TT, TC, or CC carriers were left untreated or treated with 10 ng/mL TNFSF15. ( A ) Fold PDK1 activation at 20 minutes (n = 10 donors/genotype). ( B ) Bacterial uptake at 20 minutes (n = 10/genotype). ( C ) p47 expression and ROS production at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( D ) NOS2 expression at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( E ) ATG5 and LC3II expression at 48 hours (n = 10/genotype). ( F ) After 48 hours intracellular bacterial clearance was assessed (colony-forming units [CFU]) (n = 10/genotype). Means + SEM. ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001; † P < 1 × 10 -4 ; †† P < 1 × 10 -5 . Tx, treatment.

Article Snippet: MDMs were transfected with the following vectors: 2 μg vectors expressing ATG5 (Addgene plasmid 24922; kindly deposited by Toren Finkel ), NOS2 (a generous gift from Tony Eissa ), p47phox (generous gift from Celine DerMardirossian ), 4 μg pMCL-MKK1 (R4F) (constitutively active ERK kinase), 4 μg pSRα-3HA-JNKK2-JNK1-WT (constitutively active JNK) (generous gifts from Dr Ben Turk), 4 μg pCDNA3-Flag MKK6(glu) (constitutively active p38 kinase) (Addgene plasmid 13518; kindly deposited by Roger Davis), 2 μg IKK-2 S177E S181E (constitutively active NF-κB) (Addgene plasmid 11105; kindly deposited by Anjana Rao ), or empty vector (a control vector that does not express genes) using Amaxa nucleofector technology (Lonza, Walkersville, MD).

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay

Model of TNFSF15 regulation of antimicrobial pathways. Upon PRR stimulation of macrophages, TACE is activated and leads to the release of soluble TNFSF15. Soluble TNFSF15 then feeds back to interact with DR3 on macrophages to initiate TRAF2/RIP1/RIP3 and FADD/MALT1/caspase-8 signaling pathways. TRAF2/RIP1/RIP3 pathway activation leads to PDK1-dependent bacterial uptake and MAPK- and NF-κB–dependent up-regulation of ROS (p40phox, p47phox, p67phox), RNS, and autophagy (ATG5, ATG16L1) pathways, which promote intracellular bacterial clearance. MDMs from high TNFSF15-expressing rs6478108 TT IBD risk carriers in the TNFSF15 region show increased efficacy in inducing these antimicrobial pathways, and, conversely, MDMs from low TNFSF15-expressing rs6478108 CC IBD risk carriers clear bacteria less effectively.

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: TNFSF15 Promotes Antimicrobial Pathways in Human Macrophages and These Are Modulated by TNFSF15 Disease-Risk Variants

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model of TNFSF15 regulation of antimicrobial pathways. Upon PRR stimulation of macrophages, TACE is activated and leads to the release of soluble TNFSF15. Soluble TNFSF15 then feeds back to interact with DR3 on macrophages to initiate TRAF2/RIP1/RIP3 and FADD/MALT1/caspase-8 signaling pathways. TRAF2/RIP1/RIP3 pathway activation leads to PDK1-dependent bacterial uptake and MAPK- and NF-κB–dependent up-regulation of ROS (p40phox, p47phox, p67phox), RNS, and autophagy (ATG5, ATG16L1) pathways, which promote intracellular bacterial clearance. MDMs from high TNFSF15-expressing rs6478108 TT IBD risk carriers in the TNFSF15 region show increased efficacy in inducing these antimicrobial pathways, and, conversely, MDMs from low TNFSF15-expressing rs6478108 CC IBD risk carriers clear bacteria less effectively.

Article Snippet: MDMs were transfected with the following vectors: 2 μg vectors expressing ATG5 (Addgene plasmid 24922; kindly deposited by Toren Finkel ), NOS2 (a generous gift from Tony Eissa ), p47phox (generous gift from Celine DerMardirossian ), 4 μg pMCL-MKK1 (R4F) (constitutively active ERK kinase), 4 μg pSRα-3HA-JNKK2-JNK1-WT (constitutively active JNK) (generous gifts from Dr Ben Turk), 4 μg pCDNA3-Flag MKK6(glu) (constitutively active p38 kinase) (Addgene plasmid 13518; kindly deposited by Roger Davis), 2 μg IKK-2 S177E S181E (constitutively active NF-κB) (Addgene plasmid 11105; kindly deposited by Anjana Rao ), or empty vector (a control vector that does not express genes) using Amaxa nucleofector technology (Lonza, Walkersville, MD).

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Activation Assay, Expressing, Bacteria

Primer Sequences

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: TNFSF15 Promotes Antimicrobial Pathways in Human Macrophages and These Are Modulated by TNFSF15 Disease-Risk Variants

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primer Sequences

Article Snippet: MDMs were transfected with the following vectors: 2 μg vectors expressing ATG5 (Addgene plasmid 24922; kindly deposited by Toren Finkel ), NOS2 (a generous gift from Tony Eissa ), p47phox (generous gift from Celine DerMardirossian ), 4 μg pMCL-MKK1 (R4F) (constitutively active ERK kinase), 4 μg pSRα-3HA-JNKK2-JNK1-WT (constitutively active JNK) (generous gifts from Dr Ben Turk), 4 μg pCDNA3-Flag MKK6(glu) (constitutively active p38 kinase) (Addgene plasmid 13518; kindly deposited by Roger Davis), 2 μg IKK-2 S177E S181E (constitutively active NF-κB) (Addgene plasmid 11105; kindly deposited by Anjana Rao ), or empty vector (a control vector that does not express genes) using Amaxa nucleofector technology (Lonza, Walkersville, MD).

Techniques: